Survival data
represents data that indicates with information about the time to a certain
event (often death, but it can represent other events as well). A common
feature for most survival data is the process of censoring. These pages discuss
the various ways you can analysis survival data. Also see Category: Modeling issues. You can find
outside resources at the bottom of this page.
Other entries about survival analysis can be found in the
survival analysis page at the
StATS website.
2009
- P.Mean: Changes in the adjusted
hazard ratio, but not in the precision of the ratio (created 2009-01-19).
Does anyone know a good reference on why, in Cox regression of a clinical
trial, including covariates often changes the treatment hazard ratio rather
than narrowing the confidence interval? I can remember attending a talk on
this years ago, but cannot remember the details.
Other resources:
- Time-Dependent Covariates In The Cox Proportional-Hazards Regression
Model. Lloyd D. Fisher and D. Y. Lin. Annu. Rev. Public Health. 1999.
20:145–57.
[Full text]
[PDF]. Description: This is an excellent review article on
time-dependent covariates that offer some specific examples of how and when
you might incorporate these in a Cox proportional hazards model. The authors
also make pointed warnings about possible problems with time-varying
covariate.
All of the material above this paragraph is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License. This page was written by
Steve Simon and was last modified on
2010-04-12. The material
below this paragraph links to my
old website, StATS. Although I wrote all of the material
listed below, my ex-employer, Children's Mercy Hospital, has claimed copyright
ownership of this material. The brief excerpts shown here are included under
the fair use provisions of U.S. Copyright laws.
2008
- Stats: A simple example of a Kaplan-Meier
curve (January 24, 2008). In response to a query, I wanted to write up a
simple example of how to calculate survival probabilities when you have
censored data. It is adapted from Chapter 6 of my book, Statistical Evidence
in Medical Trials. I have updated and simplified the example, for possible
use in a second edition of the book, if I am so lucky.
- Stats: Conditional Frailty Models (January
20, 2006). One of the people I am working with is interested in using gap
time analysis with a conditional frailty model. I was impressed with this
request and asked her to send any relevant references that she had. She gave
me a pointer to the following PDF file: Repeated events survival models: the
conditional frailty model.
- Stats: More than 90% censored values
(April 22, 2005). Someone asked me about running a Cox proportional
hazards regression model when over 90% of the observations were censored.
That means (if the outcome of interest was death), that your research
subjects did not cooperate and die fast enough. Good news from the patients'
perspective, but bad news for the statistician. 90% censored observations is
not a problem, though, as long as your sample size is adequate. As a rough
rule of thumb, you need to have 25 to 50 events (uncensored observations) in
each treatment group to have reasonable precision. Of course, if you have
fewer events, the model is still valid, but your confidence intervals may end
up being wider than you'd really like.
- Stats: Stratified Cox
regression models (March 22, 2005).
- Stats: The price of Kaplan-Meier
[Incomplete] (September 23, 2004). I rarely find time to read the
Statistics journals anymore, but I did run across an excellent article in the
September 2004 issue of JASA. The Price of Kaplan-Meier. Meier P, Karrison T,
Chappell R, Xie H. Journal of the American Statistical Association 2004:
99(467); 890-896.
- Stats: Data
management for survival data (August 27, 2004). Survival data will
involve calculating the time between the various dates and noting when
certain dates are present or absent. In a study of bone marrow transplants
for childhood cancer, we have up to four dates: Date of bone marrow
transplant (always known) Date of last follow-up (always known) Date of
relapse (sometimes censored) Date of death (sometimes censored) The dates of
relapse and death are censored because either they did not occur, or they
occurred after the date of last follow-up.
- Stats:
Guidelines for survival data models (October 11, 2002). There are three
steps in a typical survival analysis. Know how much data you have, Graph the
survival function, Compare the survival times.
- Stats: Kaplan Meier (June 27, 2000).
Dear Professor Mean: When I read my medical journals, I keep on coming across
terms like "Kaplan-Meier Product Limit Estimate" or "Kaplan-Meier survival
curve." What do these terms mean and when are they used?
What now?
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